D. 1. Most of the sites of the Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation developed around the banks of river Indus and its tributaries and river Sarasvati. This civilisation is therefore called by different names such as Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation (Sindhu is another name for Indus river), Indus Civilisation, Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation, and Harappan Civilisation. It is also called Harappan Civilization because city of Harappa was the fi rst of this civilisation to be excavated in the year 1920–21.
2. People of Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation made achievements in various fi elds.
• The people of the Indus-Sarasvati Civilisation were among the fi rst to develop a system of uniform weights and measures. The bricks they made were also uniform in size and shape.
• Another achievement was in the fi eld of town planning. The cities followed a grid systems and the streets were often paved with bricks. This was the fi rst civilisation to incorporate urban sanitation systems.
• They had far-fl ung trade contacts. Their trade network stretched from Mesopotamia to northern , central and even southern India.
• Their script shows that the people had developed the art of writing.
3. The water management system is one of the most important features of this civilisation. It was highly advanced. The kitchens and the bathrooms had drains leading out and were connected to the street drains. The main drains ran alongside the main roads and were lined with bricks.
Most of the drains were covered. The drains had inspection holes at regular intervals to clean
them.
4. Wheat and barley were the common food grains eaten by the Harappans.
5. Trade and commerce were signifi cant occupations. The people of the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilisation
traded both within the civilisation and with other civilisations. Remains of a trading post have
been found in northern Afghanistan and a port in Lothal, which also suggests that trade was
active.
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